Pathobiological Relationship of Excessive Dietary Intake of Choline L Carnitine: A TMAO Precursor Associated Aggravation in Heart Failure in Sarcopenic Patients Linking anaerobic gut bacteria and cardiovascular disease Nature Microbiology Differential effects of oral and intravenous L carnitine on serum lipids: is the microbiota the answer? Full article: Gut microbes with the gbu genes determine TMAO production from L carnitine intake and serve as a biomarker for precision nutrition Identification of TMAO producer phenotype and hostdietgut dysbiosis by carnitine challenge test in human and germ free mice Gut