Dietary allicin reduces transformation of L carnitine to TMAO through impact on gut microbiota ScienceDirect Assembling the anaerobic gamma butyrobetaine to TMA metabolic pathway in Escherichia fergusonii and confirming its role in TMA production from dietary L carnitine in murine models mBio View of The origin of trimethylamine N oxide (TMAO) and its role in development of atherosclerosis Journal of Food Bioactives Identification of TMAO producer phenotype and hostdietgut dysbiosis by carnitine challenge test in human and germ free mice Gut Cheap protein = expensive gut problems. Here's what to look for on the label before you buy